
What Happens to Index Funds During a Recession
Broad index funds fell 34% in 2020 and 49% in 2008-2009 and recovered both times — the mechanism is mechanical, and surviving it is behavioral.
Contribution schedules, holding periods, account types and fee drag explained with worked figures, so a portfolio rests on arithmetic not instinct.

Broad index funds fell 34% in 2020 and 49% in 2008-2009 and recovered both times — the mechanism is mechanical, and surviving it is behavioral.

Roughly a third of the broad market's long-run total return has come from dividends — but only for investors who reinvested them, and only visibly over decades.

Four sections carry nearly all the decision-relevant information — fees, holdings, risk factors, and performance — and the SEC requires each to follow a…

The 2026 contribution limit is $7,500 either way — the choice hinges on one honest question: is your tax rate today higher or lower than it will be in…

Realized losses can offset gains plus up to $3,000 of ordinary income a year — but the wash sale rule disqualifies anything repurchased within sixty-one days.